Best References: Food Processing (Poultry and Eggs)

Across the United States, food processors of poultry and eggs are facing urgent problems in meeting the requirements of county, state and federal regulations for protection of the environment from solid, liquid and airborne wastes. The cost of managing food processing wastes depends heavily on an operation’s size and complexity. By far, the most profitable methods of dealing with these costs are waste prevention and recycling. However, the more common, and often expensive, waste treatment practices include land disposal, anaerobic ponds, aerobic ponds, activated sludge, clarifiers and filtration. This industrial sector presents an understanding of the operations involved in poultry and egg processing. It includes information on the economic benefits of clean technologies to conserve raw materials and energy and reduce waste. You will also find specific pollution prevention material highlighting opportunities for increased process yield, employee training, water conservation, dry cleanup and wastewater mgt.
Date Last Updated: 6/4/2007

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Case Studies | Fact Sheets | Articles and Reports | Web sites |

Case Studies |

Full Title: Reducing Water Use and Wastewater in Food Processing Plants - How One Company Cut Costs
URL: /01/00039.htm
Length: 6 pages
Date: March 1996
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy E.; Waynick, James B.
Abstract: By implementing a comprehensive water management and waste reduction plan, this chicken processor reduced its BOD load by 77% and its water use by 30%. Equipment repair played a role, but education and communication were the primary tools used.
Section Title: Streamlining Wastewater Treatment in Poultry Processing: Michigan Turkey and Lyco Team Up to Provide a Showpiece for Reducing BOD and TSS Levels
Full Title: Streamlining Wastewater Treatment in Poultry Processing: Michigan Turkey and Lyco Team Up to Provide a Showpiece for Reducing BOD and TSS Levels
URL: /41/40153.pdf
Length: 6 pages
Date: April 2007
Full Work Author: Zebra Communications
Section Author: McMahon, Jim

Fact Sheets |

Full Title: Low Tech Waste Reduction - The Equity Story
URL: /10/09540.htm
Date: 1989
Full Work Author: Penn, Lorraine R.; Richardson, Stephanie
Full Title: Pollution Prevention Pays in Food Processing - Broiler CEOs: You May Have a $162 Million Opportunity
URL: /13/12921.pdf
Length: 2 pages
Date: May 1999
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy E.; Merka, Bill
Abstract: This fact sheet addresses the potential for the poultry industry to save millions of dollars in costs and fines. It offers hints on how CEO and upper management can begin these efforts.
Full Title: Pollution Prevention Pays in Food Processing - Liquid Assets for Your Poultry Plant
URL: /13/12922.pdf
Length: 4 pages
Date: 4/99
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy E.
Abstract: This fact sheet covers the benefits of water conservation in poultry plant operations. It includes dollar saving calculation examples and water conservation hints.
Full Title: Pollution Prevention Pays in Food Processing - Poultry Processors: You Can Reduce Waste Load and Cut Sewer Surcharges
URL: /11/10439.pdf
Length: 4 pages
Date: 5/99
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy E., and Bill Merka
Abstract: This fact sheet addresses how waste loads effect porfits in a poultry plant. It has dollar saving example calculations and helpful waste reduction hints.
Full Title: Pollution Prevention Pays in Food Processing - Survey Shows That Poultry Processors Can Save Money by Conserving Water
URL: /01/00798.pdf
Length: 2 pages
Date: 4/99
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy E., and Bill Merka
Abstract: This fact sheet addresses how water conservation can save costs and protect future profits. It offers the results of interviews with chicken plant operations for comparison and idea purposes, as well as water saving tips.
Full Title: Pollution Prevention Pays in Food Processing - Systems for Recycling Water in Poultry Processing
URL: /11/10441.pdf
Length: 4 pages
Date: June 1989
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy; Sheldon, Brian
Abstract: Treating and recycling some of the water used in poultry processing can save a great deal of money by cutting both water and sewer costs, as demonstrated by a recent study. This fact sheet addresses methods, results, and potential economic impact of that study.
Section Title: A Breaded Foods Processor Does It Too!
Full Title: Waste Reduction--Pollution Prevention: Progress and Prospects within North Carolina
URL: /13/12925.pdf
Length: 9 pages
Date: 1988
Full Work Author: Gray, Jeri et al.
Section Author: Waynick, James V. et al.
Abstract: Discussion on management waste reduction in a nuggets processing industry.

Articles and Reports |

Section Title: Water Use and Wastewater Discharge Patterns in a Turkey Processing Plant
Full Title: 1989 Food Processing Waste Conference
URL: /13/12926.pdf
Length: 13 pages
Date: November 1989
Section Author: Sheldon, Brian W. et al.
Abstract: This article discusses a turkey processing plant that was surveyed for waste reduction options. Technical and economical studies were conducted for the source. Predicted cost savings based upon the audit recommendations were provided.
Full Title: Clean Technologies in U.S. Industries: Focus on Food Processing
URL: /09/08853.htm
Full Work Author: US-Asia Environmental Partnership
Abstract: This report gives a brief overview of the US food processing industry with an emphasis on pollution prevention and clean technologies. Contact information for key food-based organizations and clean technologies/pollution prevention is provided. Food-processing environmental and health regualtions are also briefly described.
Section Title: Converting Food-Animal By-products into Valu-Added Products: The Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center at North Carolina State University
Full Title: Composting in the Carolinas - Proceedings of Conference on Composting Solid Waste, Yard Wastes and/or Biosolids
URL: /11/10998.pdf
Length: 6 pages
Date: 1995
Full Work Author: White, Richard K. et al.
Section Author: Williams, C.M.; MacConnell, Gary S.
Abstract: This paper presents a brief overview of animal and poultry waste management, then discusses the objectives of and research at the NCSU Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center.
Full Title: Environmental & Productivity Technology Innovation for the Food Manufacturing Industry/Egg Shells
URL: /32/31784.pdf
Length: 3 pages
Date: 5/96
Full Work Author: Rhilips, Ronald J.
Abstract: Discusses the use of poultry waste.
Section Title: Water Conservation in Poultry Processing
Full Title: Pollution Source Reduction for Food Processing Plants
URL: /13/12924.pdf
Length: 12 pages
Date: 1989
Section Author: Merka, William C.
Abstract: This paper gives steps for achieving a successful water conservation programs within poultry proccessing facilities.
Full Title: Waste Reduction in Egg Processing
URL: /13/12923.pdf
Length: 3 pages
Full Work Author: Merka, William C.
Abstract: This article covers the steps a small egg processing company took to reduce water usage by 80 percent. More importantly the company reduced the wastewater strength a point where the company was allowed to continue to operate, by the municipality controling wastewater treatment. Using the minimization approach, the company recovered an additional 300 pounds of eggs each day for sale. Reduction of minicipal fines , reduction in water and sewer charges and enhanced product recovery increased the profitability of the company.
Full Title: Water Quality Issues in Poultry Production and Processing
URL: /13/12944.pdf
Length: 62 pages
Abstract: This new regional research project will be the only regional project dedicated to the role of water quality issues in poultry production. Water quality issues include the environmental, food safety, growth performance, and profitability of poultry and poultry products. The objective of this new project is to study the role of water used in poultry production and product processing and their effect on the environment, and food safety. JUSTIFICATION: Importance in agriculture, rural life and consumer concerns Agriculture continues to be the dominant industry in rural communities; however, it is becoming more and more evident that stewardship of our natural resource base is not only the responsibility of farmers, but of all citizens. Consequently, society is demanding that agriculture implement environmentally sound sustainable systems of production that have low chemical usage, reduced movement of sediment and nutrients from the land, and have minimal or no off-site impacts. Components of these production systems must include reduction of waterborne pollutants into the environment, high-quality, healthy food products, and profitability. Management of pollutants released into the environment will insure a safe and healthy drinking water supply for humans and animals. In 1990

Web sites |

Section Title: Poultry Tech
Full Title: Georgia Tech Agricultural Technology Research Program (ATRP)
URL: http://atrp.gatech.edu/publications.htm
Full Work Author: Georgia Research Tech Institute
Section Author: Poultry Tech
Abstract: Georgia Tech's food processing program produces a variety of periodicals, newsletters, and technical reports of interest to the industry.

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Content provided by N.C. Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance and Waste Reduction Resource Center through a grant from the EPA.