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Case Studies |
Full Title: 1989 Food Processing Waste Conference
URL: /13/12900.pdf
Length: 9 pages
Date: 11/89
Full Work Author: University of Georgia
Section Author: Merka, William C. et al.
Abstract: This case study describes a milk processing plant that chronically violated BOD limits. With limited space for a pretreatment system, the company identified high levels of BOD by testing in process areas. Employee training resulted in improved clean-up and prevention of spills, overflows, and leaks which minimized the amounts of BOD discharged to the draings. BOD levels were reduced by 50% within 5 years.
Section Title: Coastal Dairy Products
Full Title: Case Studies - A compilation of successful waste reduction projects implemented by NC businesses
URL: /01/0056601.pdf
Length: 2 pages
Date: December 1995
Full Work Author: NC Office of Waste Reduction
Abstract: This ice cream and yogurt processor saved $27,000 per year by automated cleaning, segragating waste to be used for animal feed, and by resale of pallets and pails.
Section Title: Hunter Jersey Farms, Inc.
Full Title: Case Studies - A compilation of successful waste reduction projects implemented by NC businesses
URL: /01/0056503.pdf
Length: 1 page
Date: August 1995
Full Work Author: NC Office of Waste Reduction
Full Title: Case Study - MnTAP Source - Schroeder Milk Saves $400,000 through Product Savings and Water Conservation
URL: /05/04257.htm
Date: June 1999
Full Work Author: Minnesota Technical Assistance Program
Abstract: Case Study. Schroeder Milk Co., St. Paul, produces a variety of dairy and other beverage products. The family-run operation employs 80 people and has been in business since 1884. They process 90,000 gallons of milk daily and 8,000 gallons of orange juice weekly.
Section Title: Employees Reducting Plant Waste, Costs
Full Title: Dairymen's Digest
URL: /39/38544.pdf
Length: 2 pages
Date: 3/00
Full Work Author: Associated Milk Producers
Section Author: Polanski, John
Abstract: Teamwork, water reclaim, and byproduct reuse have resulted in reduced wastewater discharges and treatment costs for this dairy processor. Financial savings equal $60,000 annually. This case study highlights the employee involvement program and actual process changes.
Full Title: Frigo Cheese Corporation - Salt Whey Recovery/Reuse by Evaporation
URL: /04/03140.htm
Full Work Author: Bureau of Cooperative Environmental Assistance - Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Abstract: A case study of the Frigo Cheese Corporation's process change to reduce salt whey waste, which is not suitable for land application. Seventy-five percent of salt whey is now recovered through evaporation and reused in production. Annual savings in reduced salt purchasing are $12,500.
Full Title: Pollution Prevention Pays in Food Processing - Water and Wastewater Management in a Dairy Processing Plant
URL: /01/00814.pdf
Length: 3 pages
Date: March 1996
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy E.; Stengel, Michael
Abstract: An example of a successful dairy wastewater management as implemented by Giant Foods' Ice Cream plant.
Section Title: Cleaner Production Demonstration Project at Bonlac Foods, Stanhope
Full Title: The Cleaner Production Demonstration Project
URL: /04/03342.htm
Full Work Author: Environment Australia - Environment Protection Group
Abstract: Case study of Australia's largest cheese maker. Tested four cleaner production techniques over 27 month period. Changed over to Stabilon detergent in the cleaning in place (CIP) process, diverted wastewater to landfarm treatment/disposal, and found an alternative to disposal of soap stock. All had success except the last. CIP with Stabilon netted $310 per day. Wastewater diversion reduced water volume by 30%. Solids screening project was expected to payback in four months.
Full Title: The Effect of Process Design on Reduced Water Use and Waste in Dairy Processing
URL: /13/12904.pdf
Length: 232 pages
Date: June 1980
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy E.; Harper, W. James
Abstract: This study of a multi-product dairy plant provides detail evaluation of plant operations including production processes, water use, wastewater generation, and product loss. Process alternatives for water conservation/reuse and product recovery are described. Estimated capital investment to make the process modifications, the expected cost savings and waste reduction volumes are quantified.
Section Title: A Dairy Processor Does It
Full Title: Waste Reduction--Pollution Prevention: Progress and Prospects within North Carolina
URL: /02/01229.pdf
Length: 6 pages
Date: March 1988
Section Author: Bullard, R.;Rushing, J;Carawan, R.
Abstract: Management practices and technology are applied to Maola milk and ice cream processing plant to reduce water use, waste load and product loss. Detailed results for specific sources are given in terms of BOD reduction or product recovery amount and savings. The waste survey process itself resulted in the identification of many cost saving opportunities.
Full Title: Wastewater Pretreatment in Dairy Plants - Does It Save Money?
URL: /01/00351.pdf
Length: 4 pages
Date: March 1992
Full Work Author: Bough, Wayne A.; Carawan, Roy E.
Abstract: Does wastewater pretreatment in dairy plants save money? This article includes tables of information collected from a dairy cooperative on water usage, pretreatment methods, BOD removal, pretreatment costs, wastewater discharge, BOD loading, and biomass hauled to answer the question. Managers of a dairy cooperative found that by monitoring water use, raw waste load, biomass production, and wastewater treatment costs, they could reduce costs. Implementing a waste reduction program could reduce costs more than by pretreatment alone.
Fact Sheets |
URL: /03/02139.htm
Length: 4 pages
Date: October 1988
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy E.
Abstract: Gives examples of how to calculate BOD surcharges.Also has useful waste reduction tips for dairy processors (see last section).
Full Title: Dairy CEO's: Do You Have a $500 Million Opportunity?
URL: /01/00235.pdf
Length: 3 pages
Date: May 1989
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy E.
Abstract: A summary of opportunities to save money by wisely using and managing water and waste loads in food processing industries.
Full Title: Dairy Industry
URL: /13/12938.pdf
Length: 3 pages
Date: July 1998
Full Work Author: World Bank Group
Full Title: Dairy Processing Methods to Reduce Water Use and Liquid Waste Load
URL: /15/14834.pdf
Length: 6 pages
Date: 3/97
Full Work Author: Rausch, Kent; Powell, G. Morgan
Abstract: This fact sheet discusses the potential for savings in implementing a pollution prevention plan and illustrates how prevention is easier, cheaper, and more effective than waste treatment. Basic concepts are presented and problems, potential solutions, and other issues surrounding water use and waste load management in a dairy processing facility are discussed.
Full Title: Dairy Waste Reduction Tips
URL: /19/18160.htm
Length: 1 page
Full Work Author: MnTAP; Carawan, Dr. Roy E.
Abstract: Simple and highly efficient product loss prevention and water conservation tips for dairy processors are briefly summarized in this fact sheet. Fixing leaks, process improvements/automation, and other conservation strategies are discussed.
Full Title: EPA Environmental Fact Sheet - Pollution Prevention for Dairies - Waste Reduction Saves Money
URL: /10/09916.pdf
Length: 41 pages
Full Work Author: US EPA
Section Author: Colorado State University
Abstract: This fact sheet is a result of an assessment of a dairy farm that produces 1.5 million pounds of raw milk per month, manure management and energy conservation opportunities are discussed.
Full Title: Fact Sheet - Heat Recovery From Milk Cooling Systems
URL: /09/08509.pdf
Date: 02/88
Full Work Author: Winfield, R. G.
Abstract: This article discusses heat recovery from milk by water-cooled condensing mechanisms which provides a reliable source of heat for preheating water. Energy savings result from displacing water heating energy costs.
Full Title: Liquid Assets for Your Dairy Plant
URL: /01/00232.pdf
Length: 3 pages
Date: May 1988
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy E.
Abstract: Suggestions on how to save money and reduce water use in a dairy plant.
Full Title: Reclaiming Cow Water
URL: /13/12902.pdf
Length: 3 pages
Full Work Author: Jensen, Lee
Abstract: Cow water is reclaimed water from dairy processing operations. Examples include condensing water from milk evaporators and water reclaimed from milk or milk products, Reclaimed cow water cannot be used for drinking or lavoratory use. Reclaimed cow water uses are described.
Section Title: Dairy Processing
Full Title: Water Efficiency Manual
URL: /01/0069206.pdf
Length: 2 pages
Date: August 1998
Full Work Author: NC Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance
Abstract: A section of the North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance's Manual on Water Efficiency, which addresses the dairy industry's water usage.
Articles and Reports |
URL: /09/08853.htm
Full Work Author: US-Asia Environmental Partnership
Abstract: This report gives a brief overview of the US food processing industry with an emphasis on pollution prevention and clean technologies. Contact information for key food-based organizations and clean technologies/pollution prevention is provided. Food-processing environmental and health regualtions are also briefly described.
Section Title: Recycling Food Processing Wastes in Agriculture
Full Title: Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation
URL: /19/18700.pdf
Length: 15 pages
Date: August 1989
Section Author: Brown, J.R., et al
Abstract: The goal of this project was to evaluate the characteristics of wastes from various food processors and to evaluate and study the problems and benefits arising from land applying and feeding these wastes.
Section Title: Operating Costs of Dairy Pretreatment vs. POTW Facilities and the Establishment of a Waste Minimization Program
Full Title: Food Processing Waste Conference, Session 2
URL: /13/12901.pdf
Length: 14 pages
Date: 11/88
Full Work Author: University of Georgia
Section Author: Bough, Wayne A., et al
Full Title: Guide to Energy Efficiency Opportunities in the Dairy Processing Industry
URL: /19/18807.pdf
Length: 36 pages
Date: 6/97
Full Work Author: Wardrop Engineering, Inc.
Abstract: The National Dairy Council of Canada (NDCC) engaged Wardrop Engineering Inc. to prepare a concise guide on energy conservation and cost savings opportunities in the dairy processing industry. The purpose of this guide is to assist in the identification of energy efficiency improvements within dairy processing plants, and also to assist in the development and achievement of voluntary sector energy efficiency targets, under the auspices of the Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC). The primary audience for this guide is staff and managers directly involved in dairy plant operations.
Full Title: Helping to Make Pollution Prevention Pay for Food Processing Plants
URL: /01/00829.pdf
Length: 27 pages
Date: 1988
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy E.
Abstract: Through a former grants program, the North Carolina Pollution Prevention Program proved that pollution prevention not only saves money, but also reduces disposal discharges. Case studies include: fluid milk, ice cream, drinks, and beef slaughtering.
Section Title: Water Use in a Multiproduct Dairy
Full Title: Journal of Dairy Science
URL: /13/12903.pdf
Length: 5 pages
Date: August 1979
Full Work Author: American Dairy Science Association
Section Author: Carawan, Roy E.; Jones, V.A. ; Hansen, A.P.
Abstract: Meters were used to monitor water use at Raleigh's Pine State Creamery over a 60-day period of operation. Areas of water overuse/misuse were identified. Cleaning and sanitizing were the largest water users with utilities (cooling tower, boiler, chill water, and ice water) being the second consumer. Recommendations were made to reduce water usage byemployee training, schedule changes, and process modifications.
Section Title: Pollution Prevention Pays for the Food Processing Industry
Full Title: Water Conservation, Waste Management and Environmental Compliance for Dairy and Food Plants
URL: /03/02339.pdf
Length: 10 pages
Date: 1988
Section Author: Richardson, Stephanie
Abstract: This paper defines P2 and states how some food processing plants in N.C. proved that P2 pays.
Manuals |
URL: /04/03335.htm
Date: March 1999
Full Work Author: US EPA
Abstract: This guide provides an array of pollution prevention techniques for food processors. The techniques discussed are described in levels of difficulty from easy to difficult. Water conservation, solid waste recycling, dry clean-up, and packaging reduction are just a few of the P2 techniques discussed. Target audience for the guide is the plant-level staff responsible for environmental compliance at a facility. Contact information for food industry trade association with P2 initiatives is listed.
Full Title: Technical Pollution Prevention Guide for the Dairy Processing Operations in the Lower Fraser Basin
URL: /04/03995.pdf
Length: 227 pages
Date: October 1997
Full Work Author: PCA Consultants, Ltd.
Abstract: Provides an industry profile for dairy processing, which also identifies pollutants of potential concern for processors and waste management practices. Steps for developing and implementing a pollution prevention plan, including worksheets, check list, and a sample report form from a dairy processing plant.
Full Title: Water and Wastewater Management in Food Processing - Spinoff on Dairy Processing Water and Wastewater Management
URL: /01/00458.pdf
Length: 175 pages
Date: January 1979
Full Work Author: Carawan, Roy E.; Chambers, James, V.; Zall, Robert R.
Abstract: This manual presents detailed, practical operations management and engineering information to reduce wastewater discharges from dairy processing.
Web sites |
URL: http://www.ec.gc.ca/cppic/en/search.cfm?txtSearchString=dairy
Full Work Author: The National Office of Pollution Prevention, Canada
Abstract: This site contains a searchable database of pollution prevention information. From the main page, choose the dairy subsection and then search for specific areas of concern. Most documents are available on-line.
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Content provided by N.C.
Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance and Waste Reduction Resource Center
through a grant from the EPA.